---
name: web-crawler-orchestrator
description: |
  Multi-backend web crawler with Firecrawl MCP, rate limiting, and format handling.
  Triggers: crawl URLs, fetch pages, scrape content, web crawler.
---

# Web Crawler Orchestrator

Manages crawling operations using Firecrawl MCP with rate limiting and format handling.

## Prerequisites

- Firecrawl MCP server connected
- Config file at `~/.config/reference-curator/crawl_config.yaml`
- Storage directory exists: `~/reference-library/raw/`

## Crawl Configuration

```yaml
# ~/.config/reference-curator/crawl_config.yaml
firecrawl:
  rate_limit:
    requests_per_minute: 20
    concurrent_requests: 3
  default_options:
    timeout: 30000
    only_main_content: true
    include_html: false

processing:
  max_content_size_mb: 50
  raw_content_dir: ~/reference-library/raw/
```

## Crawl Workflow

### Step 1: Load URL Manifest

Receive manifest from `reference-discovery`:

```python
def load_manifest(manifest_path):
    with open(manifest_path) as f:
        manifest = json.load(f)
    return manifest["urls"]
```

### Step 2: Determine Crawl Strategy

```python
def select_strategy(url):
    """Select optimal crawl strategy based on URL characteristics."""
    
    if url.endswith('.pdf'):
        return 'pdf_extract'
    elif 'github.com' in url and '/blob/' in url:
        return 'raw_content'  # Get raw file content
    elif 'github.com' in url:
        return 'scrape'  # Repository pages
    elif any(d in url for d in ['docs.', 'documentation']):
        return 'scrape'  # Documentation sites
    else:
        return 'scrape'  # Default
```

### Step 3: Execute Firecrawl

Use Firecrawl MCP for crawling:

```python
# Single page scrape
firecrawl_scrape(
    url="https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/prompt-engineering",
    formats=["markdown"],  # markdown | html | screenshot
    only_main_content=True,
    timeout=30000
)

# Multi-page crawl (documentation sites)
firecrawl_crawl(
    url="https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/",
    max_depth=2,
    limit=50,
    formats=["markdown"],
    only_main_content=True
)
```

### Step 4: Rate Limiting

```python
import time
from collections import deque

class RateLimiter:
    def __init__(self, requests_per_minute=20):
        self.rpm = requests_per_minute
        self.request_times = deque()
    
    def wait_if_needed(self):
        now = time.time()
        # Remove requests older than 1 minute
        while self.request_times and now - self.request_times[0] > 60:
            self.request_times.popleft()
        
        if len(self.request_times) >= self.rpm:
            wait_time = 60 - (now - self.request_times[0])
            if wait_time > 0:
                time.sleep(wait_time)
        
        self.request_times.append(time.time())
```

### Step 5: Save Raw Content

```python
import hashlib
from pathlib import Path

def save_content(url, content, content_type='markdown'):
    """Save crawled content to raw storage."""
    
    # Generate filename from URL hash
    url_hash = hashlib.sha256(url.encode()).hexdigest()[:16]
    
    # Determine extension
    ext_map = {'markdown': '.md', 'html': '.html', 'pdf': '.pdf'}
    ext = ext_map.get(content_type, '.txt')
    
    # Create dated subdirectory
    date_dir = datetime.now().strftime('%Y/%m')
    output_dir = Path.home() / 'reference-library/raw' / date_dir
    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    
    # Save file
    filepath = output_dir / f"{url_hash}{ext}"
    if content_type == 'pdf':
        filepath.write_bytes(content)
    else:
        filepath.write_text(content, encoding='utf-8')
    
    return str(filepath)
```

### Step 6: Generate Crawl Manifest

```python
def create_crawl_manifest(results):
    manifest = {
        "crawl_date": datetime.now().isoformat(),
        "total_crawled": len([r for r in results if r["status"] == "success"]),
        "total_failed": len([r for r in results if r["status"] == "failed"]),
        "documents": []
    }
    
    for result in results:
        manifest["documents"].append({
            "url": result["url"],
            "status": result["status"],
            "raw_content_path": result.get("filepath"),
            "content_size": result.get("size"),
            "crawl_method": "firecrawl",
            "error": result.get("error")
        })
    
    return manifest
```

## Error Handling

| Error | Action |
|-------|--------|
| Timeout | Retry once with 2x timeout |
| Rate limit (429) | Exponential backoff, max 3 retries |
| Not found (404) | Log and skip |
| Access denied (403) | Log, mark as `failed` |
| Connection error | Retry with backoff |

```python
def crawl_with_retry(url, max_retries=3):
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        try:
            result = firecrawl_scrape(url)
            return {"status": "success", "content": result}
        except RateLimitError:
            wait = 2 ** attempt * 10  # 10, 20, 40 seconds
            time.sleep(wait)
        except TimeoutError:
            if attempt == 0:
                # Retry with doubled timeout
                result = firecrawl_scrape(url, timeout=60000)
                return {"status": "success", "content": result}
        except NotFoundError:
            return {"status": "failed", "error": "404 Not Found"}
        except Exception as e:
            if attempt == max_retries - 1:
                return {"status": "failed", "error": str(e)}
    
    return {"status": "failed", "error": "Max retries exceeded"}
```

## Firecrawl MCP Reference

**scrape** - Single page:
```
firecrawl_scrape(url, formats, only_main_content, timeout)
```

**crawl** - Multi-page:
```
firecrawl_crawl(url, max_depth, limit, formats, only_main_content)
```

**map** - Discover URLs:
```
firecrawl_map(url, limit)  # Returns list of URLs on site
```

## Integration

| From | Input | To |
|------|-------|-----|
| reference-discovery | URL manifest | web-crawler-orchestrator |
| web-crawler-orchestrator | Crawl manifest + raw files | content-repository |
| quality-reviewer (deep_research) | Additional queries | reference-discovery → here |

## Output Structure

```
~/reference-library/raw/
└── 2025/01/
    ├── a1b2c3d4e5f6g7h8.md   # Markdown content
    ├── b2c3d4e5f6g7h8i9.md
    └── c3d4e5f6g7h8i9j0.pdf  # PDF documents
```